LAKE MANYARA

Located in northern Tanzania, west of Arusha, Lake Manyara is a stunning saline lake nestled in the Eastern Rift Valley. As the seventh-largest lake in the country, it boasts a surface area of approximately 470 square kilometers. With an altitude of 960 meters above sea level, this shallow alkaline lake has a maximum depth of just 10 feet, covering two-thirds of the surrounding park. Its unique characteristics and picturesque setting make Lake Manyara a fascinating destination for exploration and discovery.

The origin of Lake Manyara’s name is steeped in local legend, with two competing theories offering insight into its etymology. The first theory suggests that the name “Manyara” is derived from the Maasai language, in which “Emanyara” refers to the Euphorbia trinucalli plant. This plant is used by the Maasai people to create spiky protective enclosures around their homesteads, and it’s believed that the lake’s escarpment edges may have reminded them of these enclosures, thus inspiring the name. Alternatively, others propose that the name “Manyara” comes from the Mbugwe word “Manyero,” meaning “a place where animals drink water.” Regardless of its true origin, the name “Manyara” has become synonymous with this breathtaking Tanzanian lake.

Lake Manyara owes its existence to the majestic Great Rift Valley, whose gradual expansion over millions of years shaped the lake’s formation. As the rift widened, streams tumbled down its eroding slopes, converging into the lake we know today. With no outlet to drain its waters, Lake Manyara is prone to intense evaporation, leading to the accumulation of salt and minerals. This unique process creates a striking visual effect, as crusty white deposits of soda and minerals glimmer like diamonds along the lake’s edges. The saline water takes on a slightly soapy texture due to the concentrated minerals, yet remains tolerable for the local wildlife to drink.

The Western shore of Lake Manyara is dramatically flanked by a steep rift escarpment, which rises majestically to the North of the Ngorongoro highlands. In contrast, the Eastern and Southeastern shores unfold into an undulating plain, punctuated by isolated volcanic mountains that add a touch of rugged beauty to the landscape. As the plain stretches further, it gradually gives way to a peneplain, a vast, gently sloping expanse of land that stretches as far as the eye can see.

Lake Manyara’s watershed is nourished by a network of springs, streams, wetlands, and smaller lakes, which drain into the saline lake both perennially and seasonally. At its Northern tip, the town of Mto wa Mbu thrives, supported by irrigation agriculture that leverages the lake’s water resources. The lake’s shores are home to a stunning array of flora, boasting over 670 species of flowering plants and ferns. This diverse botanical tapestry includes widespread species as well as a few endemic ones, adding to the lake’s unique charm and ecological significance.

Lake Manyara experiences a bimodal rainfall pattern, with two distinct rainy seasons: the short rains from November to December and the long rains from March to May, with April being the wettest month. In contrast, July, August, and September are the driest months. The lake’s climate is also characterized by varying temperatures, with January, February, and March having the highest average high temperatures, while June and July have the lowest average high temperatures, making the lake’s climate a unique and fascinating aspect of its ecology.

Lake Manyara National Park, managed by the Tanzania National Park Authority, encompasses a 325km2 area between Arusha and the lake in the Manyara region, including approximately 230km2 of the lake’s surface. The park boasts five distinct vegetation zones and was initially established in 1960 to safeguard the resident elephant population. Today, it provides a habitat for a diverse array of wildlife, including buffaloes, lions, leopards, rhinoceros, giraffes, impalas, mongoose, kirk’s dik-dik, baboons, zebras, and numerous water birds, such as flamingos, making it a vibrant and thriving ecosystem.

Lake Manyara National Park is a veritable tapestry of life, teeming with an incredible array of flora and fauna. The park’s diverse landscape is home to a plethora of abundant water birds, dense woodlands, steep mountainsides, and groundwater forests filled with majestic acacia trees. One of its most iconic inhabitants is the remarkable black-maned tree-climbing lion, a sight to behold as they laze in the branches above. With its unique blend of ecosystems, the park is a true marvel of nature, bursting with life and full of wonder and surprise.

ACTIVITIES IN LAKE MANYARA NATIONAL PARK

Birding

Lake Manyara is a birdwatcher’s paradise, boasting an incredible array of avifauna. The lake’s shores offer a prime opportunity to spot massive flocks of flamingos, including lesser and greater flamingos, as they feed along the water’s edge. But that’s not all – with over 300 additional bird species to discover, you’ll be treated to a diverse spectacle of feathered friends. Keep an eye out for Egyptian geese, Klipspringers, Guinea fowls, Crowned eagles, Hornbills, Northern shovelers, Yellow-billed storks, Great-white pelicans, Black-winged stilts, Pied Avocets, Caspian plovers, Marsh sandpipers, White-winged terns, and many more. Whether you’re a seasoned ornithologist or just starting your birding journey, Lake Manyara is a must-visit destination.

Fishing

Experience the thrill of fishing on Lake Manyara, home to a variety of fish species including catfish and tilapia. While the lake’s fishery is relatively small, anglers can find success near the inflow areas where salt concentrations are lower, making it an ideal spot for catching fish. Take part in this exciting activity and learn from local fishermen who will guide you through the best fishing methods and techniques. Whether you’re an experienced angler or just looking for a new adventure, fishing on Lake Manyara is an unforgettable experience.

Nature walks

Embark on a guided nature walk through the lush woodlands and rugged mountain slopes of Lake Manyara, uncovering the secrets of the region’s diverse flora and fauna. With the expertise of a knowledgeable tour guide, discover the medicinal properties of various plant species and spot primates like Vervet monkeys, Baboons, and the endemic Manyara monkeys. As you trek deeper into the forest, expand your understanding of the intricate relationships within the ecosystem and gain a deeper appreciation for the natural world.

Game drives

Experience the thrill of a game drive through Lake Manyara National Park, where you’ll have the opportunity to observe and learn about the diverse mammal species that call this ecosystem home. Witness how each species adapts to its habitat, such as giraffes roaming among tall trees to feed, hippos lounging in the water, and black-maned lions scaling trees to escape the heat or survey their surroundings for prey. The park is renowned for its vast elephant herd, and you’ll likely spot these gentle giants frequently. Other wildlife sightings may include lions, leopards, cheetahs, buffalos, impalas, and many more. With a knowledgeable guide, uncover the fascinating stories behind each species’ behavior and habitat preferences.

Canoeing

Explore Lake Manyara from a unique perspective with a guided canoeing experience. Paddle across the serene saline lake in a two-man canoe, accompanied by a knowledgeable guide who will navigate you through the tranquil waters. Get up close and personal with hippos, who are accustomed to visitors and won’t attack, and observe buffaloes, impalas, and water bucks grazing along the lake’s shores. The leisurely three-and-a-half-hour ride allows for a comprehensive exploration of the lake’s ecosystem. Keep an eye out for the diverse array of bird species, including flamingos, egrets, spoonbills, herons, and many more. This peaceful canoeing experience offers a chance to connect with nature and create unforgettable memories.

Mountain biking

For an adrenaline-packed adventure, express your interest in mountain biking to your guide, and they’ll arrange for a thrilling experience. You’ll be provided with bicycles, water, and essential gear to tackle the diverse trails that crisscross the park and wind along the shores of stunning Lake Manyara. As you ride, take in the breathtaking scenery and immerse yourself in the natural beauty of the surroundings. With varied terrain and scenic vistas, this mountain biking experience offers an unforgettable way to explore the park’s hidden gems.

Community visits

Embark on a fascinating 2.5-hour community visit to the Karata local villages, where you’ll have the opportunity to engage with the warm and welcoming locals and delve into their rich cultural heritage. Spend time with the Maasai women, participating in their daily routines such as cooking, and gain a deeper understanding of their traditional way of life. As a token of your visit, take home beautiful handmade souvenirs like intricately crafted bead necklaces, and cherish the memories of your enriching experience.

Magi Moto Hot Springs

Unwind and rejuvenate at the serene Magi Moto Hot Springs, aptly named for the Swahili words meaning “hot water”. Nestled among lush palm and fig trees, the natural hot springs exude tranquility, inviting you to relax and soak in the warm waters. The local community has thoughtfully developed a small restaurant and bathroom facilities nearby, creating a welcoming oasis for visitors to indulge in the therapeutic springs. As you bask in the warmth, let the stresses of the day melt away, surrounded by the natural beauty of this idyllic setting.

Mto Wa Mbu Market Town

Discover the vibrant Mto Wa Mbu Market Town, aptly named “Mosquito Creek”, situated just opposite the stunning Lake Manyara. This bustling trading hub brings together various tribes from the region, including the Gororwa, Chagga, Irangi, and Tatonga, united by a shared language and culture. Visit this thriving market town and be amazed by the sense of community and camaraderie that permeates the air. Browse the colorful stalls, marvel at the local handicrafts, and perhaps even take home some unique trinkets and souvenirs, carrying a piece of the region’s warmth and hospitality with you.

WHY IS LAKE MAYARA A TOP TOURIST ATTRACTION?

Despite its relatively small size compared to other Tanzanian national parks, Lake Manyara stands out as a top tourist attraction due to its incredible diversity of wildlife and exceptional birdlife concentration. This petite park is a haven for an astonishing array of species, including elephants, baboons, lions, hippos, buffalos, giraffes, blue monkeys, leopards, antelopes, and impalas. Moreover, its birdlife is renowned globally among ornithologists, boasting an extraordinary concentration of avifauna that makes it a true gem for nature enthusiasts and birdwatchers alike.

How to get there

By Air

• Fly into Kilimanjaro International Airport (JRO) or Arusha Airport (ARK) in Tanzania
• From there, take a domestic flight to Lake Manyara Airport (LKY) or drive to the lake (approximately 4-5 hours from Arusha)

By Road

• Drive from Arusha to Lake Manyara via the tarred road (approximately 4-5 hours)
• Alternatively, take a bus or shuttle service from Arusha to Karatu or Mto wa Mbu, then transfer to a local taxi or guide vehicle to reach the lake

Best time to visit

The best time to visit Lake Manyara National Park in Tanzania depends on your preferences and what you want to experience. The dry season, from June to October, is ideal for wildlife viewing and game drives, with clear skies and dry roads making it perfect for photography and outdoor activities. However, this is also the peak tourist season, so expect more crowds and higher prices. The wet season, from November to May, brings lush vegetation and blooming flowers, making the park beautiful and green, and is the best time for birdwatching, as migratory birds arrive. If you’re looking for a balance between weather and crowd levels, consider the shoulder season, from April to May and September to November, when prices might be lower and wildlife viewing is still good. Ultimately, the park is open year-round, and each season has its unique charm, so plan your visit according to your interests and preferences.